A sanctuary city is a city in which they limit their cooperation with the federal immigration agency to protect immigrants from deportation. When an undocumented immigrant comes into contact with the police, identification is needed which can get immigrants caught and reported to ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement).
Typically what happens in a sanctuary city, the police will release the undocumented immigrant when the charges are cleared, posted bail, or completed the jail time for being arrested if No Crime Was Committed. If the the city is a not sanctuary, the immigrant would be held until ICE arrives.
A misconception that most people have is that being undocumented is crime, IT IS NOT. Being undocumented is a civil violation. Due to the due process of law clause of the 14th amendment, it prohibits the government from depriving a person of their right to life, liberty, and property. This right ensures that people's rights are not violated. The police cannot detain someone for being undocumented, only ICE.
Source: https://americasvoice.org/blog/what-is-a-sanctuary-city/
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